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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"> <head> <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="IE=Edge" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" /> <title>3. Writing the Setup Configuration File — Python 2.7.18 documentation</title> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/classic.css" type="text/css" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href="../_static/pygments.css" type="text/css" /> <script type="text/javascript" id="documentation_options" data-url_root="../" src="../_static/documentation_options.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/jquery.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/underscore.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/doctools.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/language_data.js"></script> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/sidebar.js"></script> <link rel="search" type="application/opensearchdescription+xml" title="Search within Python 2.7.18 documentation" href="../_static/opensearch.xml"/> <link rel="author" title="About these documents" href="../about.html" /> <link rel="index" title="Index" href="../genindex.html" /> <link rel="search" title="Search" href="../search.html" /> <link rel="copyright" title="Copyright" href="../copyright.html" /> <link rel="next" title="4. Creating a Source Distribution" href="sourcedist.html" /> <link rel="prev" title="2. Writing the Setup Script" href="setupscript.html" /> <link rel="shortcut icon" type="image/png" href="../_static/py.png" /> <link rel="canonical" href="file:///usr/share/doc/python2.7/html/distutils/configfile.html" /> <script type="text/javascript" src="../_static/copybutton.js"></script> </head><body> <div id="outdated-warning" style="padding: .5em; text-align: center; background-color: #FFBABA; color: #6A0E0E;"> This document is for an old version of Python that is <a href="https://devguide.python.org/devcycle/#end-of-life-branches">no longer supported</a>. You should install the python3 and python3-doc packages and read the <a href="file:///usr/share/doc/python3-doc/html/distutils/configfile.html"> Python documentation for the Python3 version packaged in this release</a>. </div> <div class="related" role="navigation" aria-label="related navigation"> <h3>Navigation</h3> <ul> <li class="right" style="margin-right: 10px"> <a href="../genindex.html" title="General Index" accesskey="I">index</a></li> <li class="right" > <a href="../py-modindex.html" title="Python Module Index" >modules</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="sourcedist.html" title="4. Creating a Source Distribution" accesskey="N">next</a> |</li> <li class="right" > <a href="setupscript.html" title="2. Writing the Setup Script" accesskey="P">previous</a> |</li> <li><img src="../_static/py.png" alt="" style="vertical-align: middle; margin-top: -1px"/></li> <li><a href="https://www.python.org/">Python</a> »</li> <li> <a href="../index.html">Python 2.7.18 documentation</a> » </li> <li class="nav-item nav-item-1"><a href="index.html" accesskey="U">Distributing Python Modules (Legacy version)</a> »</li> </ul> </div> <div class="document"> <div class="documentwrapper"> <div class="bodywrapper"> <div class="body" role="main"> <div class="section" id="writing-the-setup-configuration-file"> <span id="setup-config"></span><h1>3. Writing the Setup Configuration File<a class="headerlink" href="#writing-the-setup-configuration-file" title="Permalink to this headline">¶</a></h1> <p>Often, it’s not possible to write down everything needed to build a distribution <em>a priori</em>: you may need to get some information from the user, or from the user’s system, in order to proceed. As long as that information is fairly simple—a list of directories to search for C header files or libraries, for example—then providing a configuration file, <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setup.cfg</span></code>, for users to edit is a cheap and easy way to solicit it. Configuration files also let you provide default values for any command option, which the installer can then override either on the command-line or by editing the config file.</p> <p>The setup configuration file is a useful middle-ground between the setup script —which, ideally, would be opaque to installers <a class="footnote-reference" href="#id2" id="id1">[1]</a>—and the command-line to the setup script, which is outside of your control and entirely up to the installer. In fact, <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setup.cfg</span></code> (and any other Distutils configuration files present on the target system) are processed after the contents of the setup script, but before the command-line. This has several useful consequences:</p> <ul class="simple"> <li>installers can override some of what you put in <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setup.py</span></code> by editing <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setup.cfg</span></code></li> <li>you can provide non-standard defaults for options that are not easily set in <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setup.py</span></code></li> <li>installers can override anything in <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setup.cfg</span></code> using the command-line options to <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setup.py</span></code></li> </ul> <p>The basic syntax of the configuration file is simple:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">command</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">option</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">value</span> <span class="o">...</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>where <em>command</em> is one of the Distutils commands (e.g. <strong class="command">build_py</strong>, <strong class="command">install</strong>), and <em>option</em> is one of the options that command supports. Any number of options can be supplied for each command, and any number of command sections can be included in the file. Blank lines are ignored, as are comments, which run from a <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">'#'</span></code> character until the end of the line. Long option values can be split across multiple lines simply by indenting the continuation lines.</p> <p>You can find out the list of options supported by a particular command with the universal <code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--help</span></code> option, e.g.</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="o">></span> <span class="n">python</span> <span class="n">setup</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">help</span> <span class="n">build_ext</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="o">...</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">Options</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="s1">'build_ext'</span> <span class="n">command</span><span class="p">:</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">build</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">lib</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">b</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">directory</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">compiled</span> <span class="n">extension</span> <span class="n">modules</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">build</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">temp</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">t</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">directory</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">temporary</span> <span class="n">files</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">build</span> <span class="n">by</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">products</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">inplace</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">i</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">ignore</span> <span class="n">build</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">lib</span> <span class="ow">and</span> <span class="n">put</span> <span class="n">compiled</span> <span class="n">extensions</span> <span class="n">into</span> <span class="n">the</span> <span class="n">source</span> <span class="n">directory</span> <span class="n">alongside</span> <span class="n">your</span> <span class="n">pure</span> <span class="n">Python</span> <span class="n">modules</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">include</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">dirs</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">I</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="nb">list</span> <span class="n">of</span> <span class="n">directories</span> <span class="n">to</span> <span class="n">search</span> <span class="k">for</span> <span class="n">header</span> <span class="n">files</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">define</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">D</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">C</span> <span class="n">preprocessor</span> <span class="n">macros</span> <span class="n">to</span> <span class="n">define</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">undef</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">U</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="n">C</span> <span class="n">preprocessor</span> <span class="n">macros</span> <span class="n">to</span> <span class="n">undefine</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">swig</span><span class="o">-</span><span class="n">opts</span> <span class="nb">list</span> <span class="n">of</span> <span class="n">SWIG</span> <span class="n">command</span> <span class="n">line</span> <span class="n">options</span> <span class="p">[</span><span class="o">...</span><span class="p">]</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>Note that an option spelled <code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--foo-bar</span></code> on the command-line is spelled <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">foo_bar</span></code> in configuration files.</p> <p id="distutils-build-ext-inplace">For example, say you want your extensions to be built “in-place”—that is, you have an extension <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pkg.ext</span></code>, and you want the compiled extension file (<code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">ext.so</span></code> on Unix, say) to be put in the same source directory as your pure Python modules <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pkg.mod1</span></code> and <code class="xref py py-mod docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">pkg.mod2</span></code>. You can always use the <code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--inplace</span></code> option on the command-line to ensure this:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="n">python</span> <span class="n">setup</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">py</span> <span class="n">build_ext</span> <span class="o">--</span><span class="n">inplace</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>But this requires that you always specify the <strong class="command">build_ext</strong> command explicitly, and remember to provide <code class="xref std std-option docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">--inplace</span></code>. An easier way is to “set and forget” this option, by encoding it in <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setup.cfg</span></code>, the configuration file for this distribution:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">build_ext</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">inplace</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="mi">1</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>This will affect all builds of this module distribution, whether or not you explicitly specify <strong class="command">build_ext</strong>. If you include <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setup.cfg</span></code> in your source distribution, it will also affect end-user builds—which is probably a bad idea for this option, since always building extensions in-place would break installation of the module distribution. In certain peculiar cases, though, modules are built right in their installation directory, so this is conceivably a useful ability. (Distributing extensions that expect to be built in their installation directory is almost always a bad idea, though.)</p> <p>Another example: certain commands take a lot of options that don’t change from run to run; for example, <strong class="command">bdist_rpm</strong> needs to know everything required to generate a “spec” file for creating an RPM distribution. Some of this information comes from the setup script, and some is automatically generated by the Distutils (such as the list of files installed). But some of it has to be supplied as options to <strong class="command">bdist_rpm</strong>, which would be very tedious to do on the command-line for every run. Hence, here is a snippet from the Distutils’ own <code class="file docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">setup.cfg</span></code>:</p> <div class="highlight-default notranslate"><div class="highlight"><pre><span></span><span class="p">[</span><span class="n">bdist_rpm</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="n">release</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span> <span class="n">packager</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">Greg</span> <span class="n">Ward</span> <span class="o"><</span><span class="n">gward</span><span class="nd">@python</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">net</span><span class="o">></span> <span class="n">doc_files</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">CHANGES</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">txt</span> <span class="n">README</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">txt</span> <span class="n">USAGE</span><span class="o">.</span><span class="n">txt</span> <span class="n">doc</span><span class="o">/</span> <span class="n">examples</span><span class="o">/</span> </pre></div> </div> <p>Note that the <code class="docutils literal notranslate"><span class="pre">doc_files</span></code> option is simply a whitespace-separated string split across multiple lines for readability.</p> <div class="admonition seealso"> <p class="first admonition-title">See also</p> <dl class="last docutils"> <dt><a class="reference internal" href="../install/index.html#inst-config-syntax"><span class="std std-ref">Syntax of config files</span></a> in “Installing Python Modules”</dt> <dd>More information on the configuration files is available in the manual for system administrators.</dd> </dl> </div> <p class="rubric">Footnotes</p> <table class="docutils footnote" frame="void" id="id2" rules="none"> <colgroup><col class="label" /><col /></colgroup> <tbody valign="top"> <tr><td class="label"><a class="fn-backref" href="#id1">[1]</a></td><td>This ideal probably won’t be achieved until auto-configuration is fully supported by the Distutils.</td></tr> </tbody> </table> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div class="sphinxsidebar" role="navigation" aria-label="main navigation"> <div class="sphinxsidebarwrapper"> <h4>Previous topic</h4> <p class="topless"><a href="setupscript.html" title="previous chapter">2. 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